Introduction to the Development Trends of Ashless Dispersants

Currently, succinimide, based on polyamines, is the mainstream dispersant, accounting for over 80% of total dispersant usage. Its chemical structure consists of a lipophilic group, a polar group, and a linking part. This structure readily forms micelles in lubricating oils, ensuring strong solubilization of initial oxidation products in liquid form and excellent colloidal dispersion of solid particles such as carbon deposits and soot. This effectively guarantees the low-temperature dispersion performance of internal combustion engine oils and particularly effectively solves the low-temperature sludge problem in gasoline engine oils. When gasoline engine oils with added dispersants are changed after prolonged operation, sludge in the crankcase is reduced. It also improves the dispersion and solubilization of soot and lubricating oil oxidation products generated at high temperatures. Especially when combined with metal detergents, it has a synergistic effect, improving the quality of lubricating oil while reducing the amount of additives required. Due to these advantages, ashless succinimide dispersants have experienced rapid development and application.

In recent years, the development of ashless dispersants has shown a trend towards multifunctionality. This means that a multifunctional, low-dosage ashless dispersant can not only exhibit excellent dispersibility but also effectively solve problems such as increased oil viscosity.

The development of ashless dispersants is gradually trending towards multifunctionality. To avoid conflicts between individual agents in composite agents, developing single agents with multiple functions (such as anti-wear, viscosity improvement, and soot dispersion) has become a research hotspot. Furthermore, further improving the performance of single agents based on existing composite agents to enhance the overall performance and economic benefits of the composite agent is also a major development direction. The development of soot-free ashless dispersants not only tends towards multifunctionality, but also composite formulations containing aromatic amine structures or multiple amines are a major research direction for ashless dispersants.

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