Classification of Lubricating Oil Additives

(1) Detergent and Dispersant: Adsorbs oxidation products and disperses them in the oil. Composed of floating components for anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion, combined, and synthesized.

Main products include: low-base-value synthetic alkylbenzene sulfonate calcium, high-base-value linear alkylbenzene synthetic sulfonate calcium, long-chain linear alkylbenzene high-base-value synthetic sulfonate calcium, high-base-value synthetic dialkylbenzene sulfonate calcium, long-chain linear alkylbenzene high-base-value synthetic magnesium sulfonate, high-base-value sulfurized alkylphenol calcium, polyisobutylene succinimide, boronized polyisobutylene succinimide, high molecular weight polyisobutylene succinimide, and boronized high molecular weight polyisobutylene succinimide.

(2) Antioxidant and Corrosion Inhibitor: Improves the oxidation stability of oil products—prevents metal oxidation, catalyzes aging, slows down the oxidation rate of oil products, isolates acidic substances from metals, forms a protective film, and has anti-wear properties.

Main products include: sulfide-phosphorus butanyl alkyl zinc salt, sulfide-phosphorus dialkyl alkyl zinc salt, basic sulfide-phosphorus dialkyl alkyl zinc salt, sulfide-phosphorus propane octyl secondary alkyl zinc salt, and sulfide-phosphorus primary secondary alkyl zinc salt.

(3) Extreme pressure anti-wear agents: These react with metals at high temperatures on the friction surface to form substances with low melting points, saving oil consumption and reducing vibration noise. Extreme pressure agents: Most are sulfides, chlorides, and phosphides, which react with metals at high temperatures to form lubricating substances, providing lubrication under harsh conditions.

Main products include: sulfurized isobutylene, and thiadiazole derivatives (TH561).

(4) Oiliness agents: These are active substances with polar molecules that can form a strong adsorption film on the metal surface, preventing direct contact between metal friction surfaces under boundary lubrication conditions.

(5) Antioxidant and anti-gumming agents: Used as antioxidants and anti-gumming agents in gasoline, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc., and as antioxidants for rubber and plastics. (6) Thickening agents: Also known as viscosity modifiers, these are mainly polyoxometalate compounds with extremely high molecular weight. Thickening agents not only increase the viscosity of oils but also improve their viscosity-temperature properties.

(7) Rust inhibitors: These are polar compounds with strong adsorption capacity for metals. They can form a tight adsorption film at the metal-oil interface to isolate moisture, humidity, and acidic substances from corrosion. Rust inhibitors can also prevent oxidation and the formation of acidic oxides, thus playing a role in rust prevention.

(8) Pour point depressants: These lower the pour point of oils and improve their low-temperature fluidity.

(9) Antifoaming agents: These allow bubbles to quickly overflow the oil surface, lose stability, and easily break, thereby shortening the duration of bubble existence.

(10) Demulsifiers: These have high degradation performance and water extractability for oils.